Horse limbs are scant in the amount of tissue that surrounds the bone. When a limb swells, it is quite noticeable in comparison to an opposite leg. How should you handle this situation?
Initial Steps in Assessment
First, you’ll want to gather information to share with your veterinarian before you put in the call. It’s important to gather information about the whole horse in case the swelling is due to a systemic infection. Pay attention to the horse’s demeanour, appetite, water intake and fecal output. Has the horse shown any signs of illness recently or has anything changed regarding diet, deworming, medications, blanketing, bandaging, or bedding, for example? It is helpful to look at a checklist of questions to answer.
Look at the horse closely when he is standing still and then moving and ask yourself:
- Does the horse appear comfortable or is he showing stiffness or lameness?
- Is only one leg swollen or more than one?
Feel the affected limb/s and note any abnormalities:
- Is there heat in the limb?
- Does the horse pull away due to pain following a light touch and/or firmer palpation of the swollen area?
- Do you feel irregularities in the skin or hair such as scabs and crusts, moist or oozing discharge, or abnormal lumps?
Take a rectal temperature and consider the following:
- Is the horse lame? If so, to what degree?
- Do you see any drainage or signs of a puncture or wound?
- Is the swelling in proximity to or within a synovial structure, like a joint or tendon sheath?
- Is the swelling localized to a specific area, or is there generalized pitting edema (the tissue stays depressed after you press on the swelling with your finger)?
Fever, lameness and wounds involving synovial structures definitely increase the potential urgency for veterinary attention to limb swelling. Limb swelling can be innocuous or may be indicative of a localised disease process within one or more legs or due to more serious systemic diseases involving other body systems. Having a clear description of the type and location of swelling, the horse’s overall state of health, any previous history of previous limb swelling, and any recent management changes is information that helps your veterinarian assess over the phone whether or not the limb swelling requires immediate veterinary attention or can first be…